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Five Factors to Explain the Record Heat in 2023

What caused the year to be so hot? Here is a breakdown of the primary factors that scientists considered.


NASA Earth Observatory map (top) by Lauren Dauphin, based on data from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Carbon dioxide animation by Helen-Nicole Kostis, NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio. Sea surface height anomaly map by Lauren Dauphin, using modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2023) processed by the European Space Agency and further processed by Josh Willis, Severin Fournier, and Kevin Marlis/NASA/JPL-Caltech. Sea surface temperature anomaly map by Lauren Dauphin, using data from the Multiscale Ultrahigh Resolution (MUR) project. Wildland fire smoke image by Lauren Dauphin, using Terra MODIS data from NASA EOSDIS LANCE and GIBS/Worldview. Eruption image courtesy of NOAA and the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS). Story by Angela Colbert (NASA JPL), with Sally Younger (NASA JPL).

Published January 12, 2024
Data acquired 2023

Sources:
Aqua > AMSR-E
Aqua > MODIS
GOES
In situ Measurement
Model
NOAA-15 POES > AVHRR
NOAA-18 POES > AVHRR
NOAA-19 POES > AVHRR
OCO-2
Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich
Terra > MODIS